[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 49, Volume 2]
[Revised as of October 1, 2001]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 49CFR173.24a]
[Page 406-408]
TITLE 49--TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I--RESEARCH AND SPECIAL PROGRAMS ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION
PART 173--SHIPPERS--GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SHIPMENTS AND PACKAGINGS--Table of Contents
Subpart B--Preparation of Hazardous Materials for Transportation
Sec. 173.24a Additional general requirements for non-bulk packagings and packages.
(a) Packaging design. Except as provided in Sec. 172.312 of this
subchapter:
(1) Inner packaging closures. A combination packaging containing
liquid hazardous materials must be packed so
[[Page 407]]
that closures on inner packagings are upright.
(2) Friction. The nature and thickness of the outer packaging must
be such that friction during transportation is not likely to generate an
amount of heat sufficient to alter dangerously the chemical stability of
the contents.
(3) Securing and cushioning. Inner packagings of combination
packagings must be so packed, secured and cushioned to prevent their
breakage or leakage and to control their movement within the outer
packaging under conditions normally incident to transportation.
Cushioning material must not be capable of reacting dangerously with the
contents of the inner packagings or having its protective properties
significantly weakened in the event of leakage.
(4) Metallic devices. Nails, staples and other metallic devices
shall not protrude into the interior of the outer packaging in such a
manner as to be likely to damage inner packagings or receptacles.
(5) Vibration. Each non-bulk package must be capable of
withstanding, without rupture or leakage, the vibration test procedure
specified in Sec. 178.608 of this subchapter.
(b) Non-bulk packaging filling limits. (1) A single or composite
non-bulk packaging may be filled with a liquid hazardous material only
when the specific gravity of the material does not exceed that marked on
the packaging, or a specific gravity of 1.2 if not marked, except as
follows:
(i) A Packing Group I packaging may be used for a Packing Group II
material with a specific gravity not exceeding the greater of 1.8, or
1.5 times the specific gravity marked on the packaging, provided all the
performance criteria can still be met with the higher specific gravity
material;
(ii) A Packing Group I packaging may be used for a Packing Group III
material with a specific gravity not exceeding the greater of 2.7, or
2.25 times the specific gravity marked on the packaging, provided all
the performance criteria can still be met with the higher specific
gravity material; and
(iii) A Packing Group II packaging may be used for a Packing Group
III material with a specific gravity not exceeding the greater of 1.8,
or 1.5 times the specific gravity marked on the packaging, provided all
the performance criteria can still be met with the higher specific
gravity material.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a non-bulk
packaging may not be filled with a hazardous material to a gross mass
greater than the maximum gross mass marked on the packaging.
(3) A single or composite non-bulk packaging which is tested and
marked for liquid hazardous materials may be filled with a solid
hazardous material to a gross mass, in kilograms, not exceeding the
rated capacity of the packaging in liters, multiplied by the specific
gravity marked on the packaging, or 1.2 if not marked. In addition:
(i) A single or composite non-bulk packaging which is tested and
marked for Packing Group I liquid hazardous materials may be filled with
a solid Packing Group II hazardous material to a gross mass, in
kilograms, not exceeding the rated capacity of the packaging in liters,
multiplied by 1.5, multiplied by the specific gravity marked on the
packaging, or 1.2 if not marked.
(ii) A single or composite non-bulk packaging which is tested and
marked for Packing Group I liquid hazardous materials may be filled with
a solid Packing Group III hazardous material to a gross mass, in
kilograms, not exceeding the rated capacity of the packaging in liters,
multiplied by 2.25, multiplied by the specific gravity marked on the
packaging, or 1.2 if not marked.
(iii) A single or composite non-bulk packaging which is tested and
marked for Packing Group II liquid hazardous materials may be filled
with a solid Packing Group III hazardous material to a gross mass, in
kilograms, not exceeding the rated capacity of the packaging in liters,
multiplied by 1.5, multiplied by the specific gravity marked on the
packaging, or 1.2 if not marked.
(4) Packagings tested as prescribed in Sec. 178.605 of this
subchapter and marked with the hydrostatic test pressure as prescribed
in Sec. 178.503(a)(5) of this subchapter may be used for liquids only
when the vapor pressure of the liquid conforms to one of the following:
[[Page 408]]
(i) The vapor pressure must be such that the total pressure in the
packaging (i.e., the vapor pressure of the liquid plus the partial
pressure of air or other inert gases, less 100 kPa (15 psia)) at 55
deg.C (131 deg.F), determined on the basis of a maximum degree of
filling in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section and a filling
temperature of 15 deg.C (59 deg.F)), will not exceed two-thirds of the
marked test pressure;
(ii) The vapor pressure at 50 deg.C (122 deg.F) must be less than
four-sevenths of the sum of the marked test pressure plus 100 kPa (15
psia); or
(iii) The vapor pressure at 55 deg.C (131 deg.F) must be less than
two-thirds of the sum of the marked test pressure plus 100 kPa (15
psia).
(5) No hazardous material may remain on the outside of a package
after filling.
(c) Mixed contents. (1) An outer non-bulk packaging may contain more
than one hazardous material only when--
(i) The inner and outer packagings used for each hazardous material
conform to the relevant packaging sections of this part applicable to
that hazardous material;
(ii) The package as prepared for shipment meets the performance
tests prescribed in part 178 of this subchapter for the packing group
indicating the highest order of hazard for the hazardous materials
contained in the package;
(iii) Corrosive materials (except ORM-D) in bottles are further
packed in securely closed inner receptacles before packing in outer
packagings; and
(iv) For transportation by aircraft, the total net quantity does not
exceed the lowest permitted maximum net quantity per package as shown in
Column 9a or 9b, as appropriate, of the Sec. 172.101 table. The
permitted maximum net quantity must be calculated in kilograms if a
package contains both a liquid and a solid.
(2) A packaging containing inner packagings of Division 6.2
materials may not contain other hazardous materials, except dry ice.
(d) Liquids must not completely fill a receptacle at a temperature
of 55 deg.C (131 deg.F) or less.
[Amdt. 173-224, 55 FR 52611, Dec. 21, 1990, as amended at 56 FR 66265,
Dec. 20, 1991; 57 FR 45460, Oct. 1, 1992; 58 FR 51532, Oct. 1, 1993;
Amdt. 173-255, 61 FR 50624, Sept. 26, 1996; 66 FR 45380, Aug. 28, 2001]